1. 序列輸入與設定 (Sequence Input & Settings)
輸入序列 (Input Sequence):
中文: 支援 FASTA 格式輸入。以 > 開頭的行可作為引物名稱,下一行輸入 A/T/C/G 序列(系統會自動過濾無效字元)。支援一次輸入多條序列進行批量分析。
English: Supports FASTA format. Lines starting with > are treated as primer names, followed by the A/T/C/G sequence on the next line (invalid characters are automatically filtered). Supports batch input for multiple sequences.
Tm 計算公式 (Tm Formula):
中文:
Basic Wallace Formula: 適用於 14–20 bp 短序列,僅透過鹼基氫鍵數估算。
Salt-adjusted (0.05M Na⁺): 適用於大於 20 bp 的序列,考量鹽離子環境對熱穩定性的影響。
English:
* Basic Wallace Formula: Suitable for short sequences (14-20 bp), estimated solely by hydrogen bonds.
Salt-adjusted (0.05M Na⁺): Suitable for sequences >20 bp, accounting for salt ion concentration.
2. 分析結果總覽 (Analysis Results Overview)
點擊「開始批次分析 (Start Batch Analysis)」後,系統會生成兩個總覽表格: Click "Start Batch Analysis" to generate two overview tables:
單一引物分析總覽 (Individual Analysis):
中文: 顯示每條引物的長度、GC 含量、Tm 值,以及最大風險評級。
English: Displays the length, GC%, Tm, and Maximum Risk Rating for each individual primer.
成對引物交叉風險總覽 (Cross-Dimer Analysis):
中文: 若輸入兩條以上引物,系統會自動進行交叉比對(Hetero-Dimer),列出最大互補長度、交叉配對自由能 (ΔG) 與局部 Tm 值。
English: If multiple primers are inputted, the system automatically checks for cross-dimerization, listing the max complementary length, Cross-Dimer ΔG, and regional Tm.
風險評級標準 (Risk Rating Criteria):
🟢 安全 (Safe): ΔG > −1.0 kcal/mol
🟡 警告 (Warning): −3.0 ≤ ΔG ≤ −1.0 kcal/mol
🔴 危險 (Danger): ΔG < −3.0 kcal/mol
3. 詳細結構分析 (Detailed Structural Analysis)
在表格中點擊「詳情 (Detail)」按鈕,可於下方展開詳細數據與 ASCII 視覺化結構圖: Click the "Detail" button in the tables to expand in-depth metrics and ASCII structural visualizations below:
單鏈結構詳情 (Individual Primer Details):
中文: 提供精確的分子量 (MW) 與 OD260 數值。同時以視覺化圖形展示三項關鍵評估:
髮夾結構 (Hairpin): 預測序列自我摺疊的風險與 ΔG。
同源二聚體 (Self-Dimer): 預測相同引物間互相結合的風險與 ΔG。
3' 末端互補分析 (3' End): 檢查 3' 端是否有延伸風險。
English: Provides exact Molecular Weight (MW) and OD260 values, along with visual alignments for three key assessments:
Hairpin: Predicts self-folding risks and ΔG.
Self-Dimer: Predicts the risk of identical primers binding to each other.
3' End: Checks for complementary issues at the 3' end that could cause unintended extension.
交叉配對詳情 (Cross-Dimer Details):
中文: 顯示兩條不同引物間的平均分子量、交叉區域 Tm 與 Cross-Dimer ΔG,並繪製跨引物錯配的對齊模擬圖 (Alignment)。
English: Displays the average MW, regional Cross Tm, and Cross-Dimer ΔG between two different primers, alongside an ASCII alignment simulation of the mismatched pairing.